Pharmacogenomics and personalization of Epilepsy treatment
Palabras clave:
Epilepsy, Pharmacogenomics, Antiepileptic drugs, Genetic markers, Personalized dosingResumen
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Conventional treatment of epilepsy involves the prescription of antiepileptic drugs (MAEs), but the response to these drugs varies considerably between individuals. Pharmacogenomics, which focuses on the study of the genetic variations that influence drug response, has emerged as a powerful tool in personalizing epilepsy treatment. This article reviews the advances and challenges of pharmacogenomics applied to epilepsy. First, the identification of genetic markers associated with response to MAEs is discussed, highlighting the importance of genetic polymorphisms in genes related to MAE metabolism and transport. These genetic markers allow doctors to more accurately predict how a patient will respond to a specific MAE. Next, the development of personalized dosing strategies based on the patient's genetic profile is addressed. These strategies have the potential to optimize treatment efficacy and minimize side effects by ensuring that each patient receives the appropriate dose of MAEs according to their individual metabolic capacity. In addition, the role of genetic-based clinical decision support tools, such as algorithms and artificial intelligence systems, in translating genetic information into practical recommendations for physicians is highlighted. However, the path to full implementation of pharmacogenomics in epilepsy faces challenges, such as the need for affordable genetic testing and continuing medical education on pharmacogenomics. Ethical and privacy issues related to the use of genetic information also require careful attention. In summary, pharmacogenomics offers the promise of more effective and personalized therapies for patients with epilepsy. As research advances and tools become more accessible, pharmacogenomics are expected to play a crucial role in improving the quality of life for patients with epilepsy and optimizing the clinical management of this complex condition.
