Prevalence of leukemia in childhood and adolescence from 2017 to 2022 in the state of Paraíba

Resumen

Leukemia is a form of blood cancer that mainly affects children and adolescents but can also affect young people and adults. This disease is a result of the accumulation of cells in the bone marrow which compromises the manufacture of red blood cells giving rise to anemia, also affecting the production of white blood cells causing infections. When reaching the platelets causes hemorrhages, this disease advances very quickly, needing to be treated quickly for successful treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of leukemia in children and adolescents in Paraíba, from 2017 to 2022. This is a documental, retrospective-descriptive study with a quantitative approach, in which the data collection took place in April 2023, using the records and data from DATASUS, which were selected data regarding the prevalence of Leukemia in children and adolescents between 0 and 19 years in Paraíba in the years 2017 to 2022.  The results regarding the number of prevalence in the sense of residence, diagnosis and treatment in relation to the years 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 among the five types of leukemia, in the age group from 0 to 19 years (infant-juvenile) evidenced the predominance for the types Lymphoid Leukemia (10.78%) and Myeloid Leukemia (4.44%), having affected more females (51.58%). In general, the state of Paraíba follows the behavior at the national level, since the most observed subtype of leukemia in the age group between 0 and 19 years at the national level is Acute Lymphoid Leukemia, reaching 51% of cases. Thus, these results elucidate the importance of strengthening public policies aimed at the early diagnosis and treatment of leukemia in childhood and youth, in order to increase the survival of these patients.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.56238/sevenIIImulti2023-194