Impact of zika virus on pregnancy
Keywords:
Zika, Pregnant women, Immunology.Abstract
Several arboviruses affect Brazil, including the Zika Virus (ZIKV), which is transmitted mainly by the bite of the female Aedes Aegypti mosquito; this arbovirus affects dozens of nationalities around the world, especially in tropical areas. In 2015 there was a high rate of infection of the disease in pregnant women, being considered a public health emergency of global interest, which greatly concerned health professionals, due to congenital malformations in infants. Thus, the objective of this study is based on the purpose of analyzing impacts of Zika Virus in the influence of this arbovirosis in the main maternal and fetal tissues as possible causes and consequences, both in pregnant and lactating women. For such, the methodology used in this literature review is based on books and scientific articles, which were found through a manual search carried out in the digital platforms Scientific Library Online (SciELO), INCA and PubMed. The papers were selected between the years 2018 and 2023, using keywords such as: Zika; Pregnant Women; Immunology. Based on the results obtained, it is highlighted that the sonographic alterations resulting from infection in the first and second trimester are due to direct viral action, immunoglobulin effects and placental alterations. Fetal alterations are mainly neurological, cardiac and ophthalmological. In conclusion, it can be inferred that Zika virus can be transmitted to the fetus via placenta causing several damages besides fetal or postnatal microcephaly, such as neuropsychomotor development delay, hearing and visual abnormalities, craniofacial disproportion, overlapping cranial sutures, prominent occipital bone, nuchal skin excess, epilepsy, irritability, dyskinesia, among others. Because of this, pregnant women with proven or suspected infection must be accompanied until delivery, and investments in drugs and vaccines must be continued to minimize the damage.
